Congress established a federal with the Judiciary Act of 1789.

The Judiciary Act of 1789, officially titled "An Act to Establish the Judicial Courts of the United States," was signed into law by President George Washington on September 24, 1789. Article III of the Constitution established a Supreme Court, but left to Congress the authority to create lower federal courts as needed.

Explanation:

an economic reason that the south needed a reconstruction plan is that plantations, factories, and other businesses were destroyed during the war.