macromolecule carbohydrate:
Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are biological macromolecules that are further divided into three subtypes: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Like all macromolecules, carbohydrates are necessary for life and are built from smaller organic molecules.
Carbohydrates elements present:
Carbohydrates (carbo- = “carbon”; hydrate = “water”) contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and only those elements with a few exceptions. The ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrate molecules is 1:2:1.
Carbohydrates Building blocks:
The building blocks of carbohydrates are simple sugars and it is here we begin our description. The most common monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, and mannose. Of these sugars, all but one (fructose) exists as an aldehyde. Fructose and other less well known sugars are ketones.
Examples of Carbohydrates:
Glucose.
Galactose.
Maltose.
Fructose.
Sucrose.
Lactose.
Starch.
Cellulose.
macromolecule lipids:
Lipids are a class of macromolecules that are nonpolar and hydrophobic in nature. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. Fats and oils are a stored form of energy and can include triglycerides. Fats and oils are usually made up of fatty acids and glycerol.
Elements presenting lipids:
Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and in some cases contain phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur and other elements.
building blocks of lipids:
The building blocks of lipids are one glycerol molecule and at least one fatty acid, with a maximum of three fatty acids.
Example of lipids:
Examples of lipids include fats, oils, waxes, certain vitamins (such as A, D, E and K), hormones and most of the cell membrane that is not made up of protein. Lipids are not soluble in water as they are non-polar, but are thus soluble in non-polar solvents such as chloroform.
macromolecule proteins:
Proteins are a class of macromolecules that can perform a diverse range of functions for the cell. They help in metabolism by providing structural support and by acting as enzymes, carriers or as hormones. The building blocks of proteins are amino acids.
elements presenting proteins:
In addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, all proteins contain nitrogen and sulfur atoms, and many also contain phosphorus atoms and traces of other elements. Proteins serve a variety of roles in living organisms and are often classified by these biological roles.
building blocks of proteins:
What Are Proteins Made Of? The building blocks of proteins are amino acids, which are small organic molecules that consist of an alpha (central) carbon atom linked to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable component called a side chain
example of proteins:
Meat, seafood, poultry, grains, beans and dairy products are good sources of protein. Protein is a macronutrient that is essential to building muscle mass. It is commonly found in animal products, though is also present in other sources, such as nuts and legumes.
macromolecule nucleic acids:
Nucleic acid is an important class of macromolecules found in all cells and viruses. The functions of nucleic acids have to do with the storage and expression of genetic information. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) encodes the information the cell needs to make proteins.
elements presenting nucleic acids:
In both RNA and DNA the phosphate group is the same form, but there are differences in the nitrogenous bases and sugar molecules. The five elements necessary to construct a nucleic acid chain are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
Building blocks of nucleic acids:
A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
example of nucleic acids:
Two examples of nucleic acids include deoxyribonucleic acid (better known as DNA) and ribonucleic acid (better known as RNA). These molecules are composed of long strands of nucleotides held together by covalent bonds. Nucleic acids can be found within the nucleus and cytoplasm of our cells.
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