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Civil Virtue

Explanation:

Civic virtue is the harvesting of habits important for the success of the community.

the mother countries succeed in doing that by using the colony's natural resources, facilities in a colony, they do not take good care of these facilities, causing them to fail. this has had negative and positive effects on the people of africa, they then governed through direct or indirect rule depending on the country.

hope thsi

a, c, & d are correct:

they wanted lands to settle the extra population.

they wanted new markets for english goods.

they wanted to avoid civil war.