Which were the strongest monarchical states by 1300? And why

France, England and Spain

Explanation:

In the early 1300s France, England and Spain were the strongest monarchical states by 1300s. The reason these states were able to be stronger was that they often intermarry between the royal families. Thereby solidifying the power.

They also practiced absolute monarchy. During his time the King holds all the authority such that no law can curb them. They also have personnel that can travel long distances through the sea

the tariff was created to protect industry in the northern part of the united states. industries in the north were being driven out of business by imported goods that were priced at a low rate. the goal was to protect these industries   by taxing the goods.

the correct answer is b, "fertility rates are increasing, so populations will grow more quickly in the future."