During the Enlightenment, the aim of secularism was to end religion’s role in government.
abolish the need for religion.
dissolve the Catholic Church.
create a universal form of spirituality.

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".

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