During the Renaissance Italian thinkers became aware of their Roman past. This rediscovery (or revival) greatly affected

politics and art.

Explanation:

The Italian Renaissance developed after a time of great instability in Europe, due to the fourteenth century´s plague, political conflicts, and the general decay of the Church. The recovery from such difficult times led to a rediscovery of the ancient Roman culture, which influenced both Italian politics and art.

the hereditary right of a monarch to rule from the mandate of heaven

would not cooperate with each other voluntarily.