What advancement spread luther's ideas?

a: humanism
b: the movable type printing press
c: perspective
d: the decision to stop paying indulgences

the effect of the ming leaders banning ships with more than two masts was that there was no further construction of ships masts, because there was a surplus. ming emperors disallowed foreign exploration

it granted civil rights to african americans.

you didn't list the options. however, a few communist countries today are: the people's republic of china, north korea, and cuba.