4. Before the Reformation, people believed they must perform acts to show repentance, to show they were sorry for their sins.
or

Pay an Indulgence

Explanation:

An indulgence was a sum of money given to the church that supposedly absolved all of your sins, and enabled you to go into heaven. People like Martin Luther opposed indulgences.

- "the past is made of multitudinous items ranging from anything that can be collected, recollected or assessed to originate in the past. as such, the past is a gallimaufry of particulars that may not have been related in any way. however, the human mind seeks organization to understand concepts and other things. the human mind therefore seeks relationships in explaining and studying the past. history being a humanity, dictates that historians have to serve this human trait by bringing structure to details of the past. historians do this by creating interpretive frameworks that capture as many details as possible."

< 3

they thoght they were going to nuke each other