1) What did Ralph Waldo Emerson refer to the first shot fired at Lexington as?

According to Wikipedia:

The phrase comes from the opening stanza of Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Concord Hymn" (1837) and refers to the first shot of the American Revolution at the Old North Bridge in Concord, Massachusetts, where the first British soldiers fell in the battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775.

Explanation:

you will need these

an outline of all three paragraphsan identification of the historical era that you are writing aboutan explanation of the term mass productiona description of two ways new technology affected industrya conclusion that shows how new technologies allowed industrialization to grow