Read the passage from Charles Dickens’s Hard Times. It was a town of machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable [unending] serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, and never got uncoiled. It had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill-smelling dye, and vast piles of building full of windows where there was a rattling and a trembling all day long, and where the piston of the steam-engine worked monotonously up and down, like the head of an elephant in a state of melancholy madness.

Which statement best sums up the meaning of this passage?

1. The Industrial Age brought wealth to more people than at any other time in history.
2. More people were able to enjoy leisure time, thanks to the advances of the Industrial Age.
3. The Industrial Age brought with it problems such as pollution and monotonous labor.
4. More people were able to find rewarding work, thanks to the growth of industry.

the results of roman expansion produced social conflict and civil war. julius caesar gained power and became a dictator but was then assassinated. the reign of augustus began a long period of imperial rule and peace in the roman empire. rome faced the problems of how to maintain peace, law, and order.

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a. poison gas was sprayed over battlefields by airplanes to weaken enemy positions before major attacks.

i do not have access to the graph, but from 2001 to 2011 the rate of unemployment in the united states changed drastically. it remained relatively steady, at 5 percent, on average (4.4 percent in 2006 due to the economic expansion and 6 percent in 2002 as a result of the elevated costs of the war of terror) until 2008. it was then when the financial crisis, the worst since the great depression of 1929, occurred. during the recession that followed, the unemployment rate reached almost 10 percent in 2009, and in 2010 it was above 9 percent. by 2011 job losses had been continuous and prolonged for months, but the rate decreased timidly.