Explain how World
War I led to the rise of modernism?

First World War put an end to 19th century (sometimes 19th century is called "long century", i.e. 1789-1914 whereas the 20th century a "short" one, i.e. 1914-1989, or -2011 ?), great empires ended (ottoman empire, austro-hungarian, German Second Empire and in 1917 Russian Romanov empire). In arts but also in philosophy there was less attachment to older 19th-century perspectives. Avant-garde in arts search for the way how to cut off the weight of traditions. In philosophy and literature one can find the same but these trends are not always optimistic (existentialism, phenomenology), liberal welfare-society is constantly questioned, belief in power of unconscious (as a substitute for god) as well. Europe had an headache from the fast secularizationfast changes that occurred in 19th-century Europe.

it took two men to wrestle rome back from chaos and turn a republic into an empire. in the first century bc, rome was a republic. power lay in the hands of the senate, elected by roman citizens. but the senators were fighting for power between themselves.

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