"Gunpowder empires" were empires that were maintained only by the constant presence of a heavily armed force.
were formed by outside conquerors who unified the regions they conquered.
disintegrated almost as quickly as they were formed.
encountered zero resistance.

answer; /// i believe that the correct answer is (d)the huang he river valley;

“the iliad” (gr: “iliás”) is an epic poem by the ancient greek poet homer, which recounts some of the significant events of the final weeks of the trojan war and the greek siege of the city of troy (which was also known as ilion, ilios or ilium in ancient times).

on the morning of  july 21,  1861, general mcdowell ordered the  unionarmy to attack. it was on this hill that  confederate  colonel thomas jackson and his forces held back theunion  troops.