Read the sentence: "Because the Meccans were unprepared for battle, they chose to surrender peacefully. Thus, in 630 CE Muhammad won back control of Mecca without shedding a drop of blood." What does the author mean by saying, "without shedding a drop of blood"

No one was killed during battle to take control of Mecca.

Explanation:

To shed blood is a literary way of saying or meaning to kill. Given the circumstances in which Muhammed entered the city of Mecca, he intended to attack the Meccans unsurprisingly to take the hold of Kabba. However, given that the Meccans were unprepared for the battle, they quickly surrendered. Thereby, Muhammad won back the control of Kabba and ultimately the Mecca, without killing anybody.

the answer should be arrogance & pride.