How did the caste system
give power?

I'm assuming you're talking about the Indian Caste System.

Explanation:

The caste system gave power to people by basically telling you "no you cannot be better and you should not try to be better." This system was removed at one point but the shadow of the system is damaging Indian society to this day.

workers of lowell mills were greatly benefited for the waltham type of work which was more a paternalist kind, trying to protect the integrity of this little girls coming from small farmers and providing an adequate place of work, this in an effort to avoid the issues of bad place conditions and immorality that the people in bigger industrialized cities of great britain were experimenting.