What significance did Northern Europe play in the Renaissance?

Until the mid 15th century the engine of the renaissance was mostly confined to the Mediterranean. What little permeated into Northern Europe was mostly around the prosperous Hanse ports of Antwerp and Bruge. The Dutch painter Van Eyck is perhaps the most notable Northern figure of this earlier period.

Until the mid 15th century the engine of the renaissance was mostly confined to the Mediterranean. What little permeated into Northern Europe was mostly around the prosperous Hanse ports of Antwerp and Bruge. The Dutch painter Van Eyck is perhaps the most notable Northern figure of this earlier period.As you get into the 16th century, Northern Europe plays an ever more central role - The invention of the printing press in Germany, development of heliocentrism in Poland and Austria, the rise of the scientific method in France and England, the social upheaval of the protestant reformation beginning in Germany.

Until the mid 15th century the engine of the renaissance was mostly confined to the Mediterranean. What little permeated into Northern Europe was mostly around the prosperous Hanse ports of Antwerp and Bruge. The Dutch painter Van Eyck is perhaps the most notable Northern figure of this earlier period.As you get into the 16th century, Northern Europe plays an ever more central role - The invention of the printing press in Germany, development of heliocentrism in Poland and Austria, the rise of the scientific method in France and England, the social upheaval of the protestant reformation beginning in Germany.All these new ideas lead to an explosion of intellectualism and the power of universities, felt mostly in Germany but moving across the low countries and eventually into France and England.

Until the mid 15th century the engine of the renaissance was mostly confined to the Mediterranean. What little permeated into Northern Europe was mostly around the prosperous Hanse ports of Antwerp and Bruge. The Dutch painter Van Eyck is perhaps the most notable Northern figure of this earlier period.As you get into the 16th century, Northern Europe plays an ever more central role - The invention of the printing press in Germany, development of heliocentrism in Poland and Austria, the rise of the scientific method in France and England, the social upheaval of the protestant reformation beginning in Germany.All these new ideas lead to an explosion of intellectualism and the power of universities, felt mostly in Germany but moving across the low countries and eventually into France and England. Late in the Renaissance is something of a schism between an ever more turbulent but creative North and an increasingly stifled Catholic south. Galileo Galilei, a man of incredible genius is in some ways a last hurrah for the Italian states. From the 17th century onwards the centres of art and science move above the Alps and the world transitions into the Enlightenment.

Until the mid 15th century the engine of the renaissance was mostly confined to the Mediterranean. What little permeated into Northern Europe was mostly around the prosperous Hanse ports of Antwerp and Bruge. The Dutch painter Van Eyck is perhaps the most notable Northern figure of this earlier period.As you get into the 16th century, Northern Europe plays an ever more central role - The invention of the printing press in Germany, development of heliocentrism in Poland and Austria, the rise of the scientific method in France and England, the social upheaval of the protestant reformation beginning in Germany.All these new ideas lead to an explosion of intellectualism and the power of universities, felt mostly in Germany but moving across the low countries and eventually into France and England. Late in the Renaissance is something of a schism between an ever more turbulent but creative North and an increasingly stifled Catholic south. Galileo Galilei, a man of incredible genius is in some ways a last hurrah for the Italian states. From the 17th century onwards the centres of art and science move above the Alps and the world transitions into the Enlightenment. Although the British Isles are something of a sideline for much of the Renaissance period it is perhaps the 16th century English playwrights Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare who have come to define the voice of the era.

where is the diagram

president of india

the oath of office for the president of india is as follows:

i, (name), do swear in the name of god (or solemnly affirm) that i will faithfully execute the office of president (or discharge the functions of the president) of india, and will to the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law, and that i will devote myself to the service and well-being of the people of republic of india.

— article 60, constitution of india

मैं, अमुक ईश्वर की शपथ लेता हूँ (सत्य निष्ठा से प्रतिज्ञाण करता हूँ) कि मैं श्रद्धापूर्वक भारत के राष्ट्रपति के पद का कार्यपालन (अथवा राष्ट्रपति के कृत्यों का निर्वहन) करूँगा तथा अपनी पूरी योग्यता से संविधान और विधि का परिरक्षण, संरक्षण और प्रतिरक्षण करूँगा और मैं भारत की जनता की सेवा और कल्याण में निरत रहूँगा।

— अनुच्‍छेद 60, भारत का संविधान

vice-president of india

the oath of office for the vice-president of india is as follows:

i, (name), do swear in the name of god (or solemnly affirm) that i will bear true faith and allegiance to the constitution of india as by law established, and that i will faithfully discharge the duty upon which i am about to enter.

— article 69, constitution of india

मैं, (अमुक) ईश्वर की शपथ लेता हूं(सत्यनिष्ठा से प्रतिज्ञान करता हूं) कि मैं विधि द्वारा स्थापित भारत के संविधान के प्रति सच्ची श्रद्धा और निष्ठा रखूंगा तथा जिस पद को मैं ग्रहण करने वाला हूं उसके कर्तव्यों का श्रद्धापूर्वक निर्वहन करूँगा।

— अनुच्‍छेद 60, भारत का संविधान

union council of ministers of india

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the oath of office for prime minister and other members of the union council of ministers:

the oath of office is as follows:

i, (name), do swear in the name of god (or, solemnly affirm) that i will bear true faith and allegiance to the constitution of india as by law established, that i will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of india, that i will faithfully and conscientiously discharge my duties as a minister for the union and that i will do right to all manner of people in accordance with the constitution and the law, without fear or favour, affection or ill-will.

— schedule iii, constitution of india

मैं, (अमुक), ईश्वर की शपथ लेता हूँ/सत्यनिष्ठा से प्रतिज्ञान करता हूँ कि मैं विधि द्वारा स्थापित भारत के संविधान के प्रति सच्ची श्रद्धा और निष्ठा रखूँगा, मैं भारत की प्रभुता और अखंडता अक्षुण्ण रखूँगा, मैं संघ के प्रधानमंत्री/मंत्री के रूप में अपने कर्तव्यों का श्रद्धापूर्वक और शुद्ध अंतःकरण से निर्वहन करूँगा तथा मैं भय या पक्षपात, अनुराग या द्वेष के बिना, सभी प्रकार के लोगों के प्रति संविधान और विधि के अनुसार न्याय करूँगा।

— तीसरी अनुसूची, भारत का संविधान

the oath of secrecy is as follows:

i, (name), do swear in the name of god (or, solemnly affirm) that i will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person or persons any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as a minister for the union except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as such minister.

— schedule iii, constitution of india

मैं, (अमुक), ईश्वर की शपथ लेता हूँ/सत्यनिष्ठा से प्रतिज्ञान करता हूँ कि जो विषय संघ के मंत्री के रूप में मेरे विचार के लिए लाया जाएगा अथवा मुझे ज्ञात होगा उसे किसी व्यक्ति या व्यक्तियों को, तब के सिवाय जबकि ऐसे मंत्री के रूप में अपने कर्तव्यों के सम्यक्‌ निर्वहन के लिए ऐसा करना अपेक्षित हो, मैं प्रत्यक्ष अथवा अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से संसूचित या प्रकट नहीं करूँगा।

— तीसरी अनुसूची, भारत का संविधान

chief justice of the supreme court or high court

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the oath of office for chief justice of supreme court or high court is as follows:

i, (name), having been appointed chief justice (or a judge) of the supreme court of india, do swear in the name of god (or affirm) that i will bear true faith and allegiance to the constitution of india as by law established, that i will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of india, that i will duly and faithfully and to the best of my ability, knowledge and judgment perform the duties of my office without fear or favour, affection or ill-will and that i will uphold the constitution and the laws.

— schedule iii, constitution of india

मैं, (अमुक), जो भारत के उच्चतम न्यायालय का मुख्य न्यायमूर्ति (या न्यायाधीश) (या भारत का नियंत्रक-महालेखापरीक्षक) नियुक्त हुआ हूँ, ईश्वर की शपथ लेता हूँ/सत्यनिष्ठा से प्रतिज्ञान करता हूँ कि मैं विधि द्वारा स्थापित भारत के संविधान के प्रति सच्ची श्रद्धा और निष्ठा रखूँगा, मैं भारत की प्रभुता और अखंडता अक्षुण्ण रखूँगा तथा मैं सम्यक्‌ प्रकार से और श्रद्धापूर्वक तथा अपनी पूरी योग्यता, ज्ञान और विवेक से अपने पद के कर्तव्यों का भय या पक्षपात, अनुराग या द्वेष के बिना पालन करूँगा तथा मैं संविधान और विधियों की मर्यादा बनाए रखूँगा।