What European nation became a leader in heavy manufacturing and the chemical, electrical equipment, and weapons industries by the late 1800s?

Germany

Explanation:

Railroads and their support industries, including steel-making, remained the leading sectors of the German economy through the 1800s. Late in the century, the chemical, electrical equipment, and weapons industries also prospered. By 1914, Germany was second only to the United States as an industrial power.

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