In the 14th century Parliament began to involve the three estates of the realm (lords, clergy and commons) more fully. In 1312, during Edward II's troubled reign, a group of lords, led by Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, claimed to represent the whole nation when they introduced
ordinances to limit the king's reliance on 'bad' councillors and to trim his power. These ordinances made no reference to the voice of the
clergy or the commons From that time, all major matters were to be treated, accorded and established in Parliament' by agreement
between the king and all the estates of the realm.
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the answer is jerusalem

explanation:

the addition to geographic boundaries that might have  kept the people of the huang river civilization from traveling to far distance region is that they had learned about the other river valley civilizations but feared contact would bring invasion.

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the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.