The Arabs had learned much of geography and mathematics from the Greeks, and they also found out much for themselves. The numerals which we use are Arabic; and algebra, one of our principal studies in mathematics, was thought out by the Arabs. Their learned men were deeply interested in the books of Aristotle, an ancient Greek, who had been a teacher of Alexander the Great. They translated his books into Arabic, and Christian students in Spain translated the Arabic into Latin. Based on the text, what was the relationship between Arab and European societies in terms of academic achievement?

A. The relationship exclusively benefited Arab societies.

B. The relationship exclusively benefited European societies.

C. European and Arab cultures made parallel intellectual discoveries but had little interaction.

D. European and Arab cultures both learned from and further developed each other’s intellectual discoveries.