The uncertainty of church authority, mentioned in Source 2, most directly contributed to which of the
following European developments in the 13th and 14th
centuries?

jewish people, gypsies, and political opponents.

it should be a. song dynasty’s civil service examination system created an administrative bureaucracy manned by the landed aristocracy.

civil disobedience, refusal to obey the demands or commands of a government or occupying power, without resorting to violence or active measures of opposition