Who gave the crusaders the power to fight the Crusades? They had popular support from Europeans.
They received official support from the church.
They believed that God had chosen them.
They were sent by the nobles and kings of Europe.

the answer is a) to be able to obey them.

this means that germany had to pay the allied countries. reparations are/is essentially payment for something that they have done wrong, so after ww1, germany was forced to pay reparations so they could replenish the allied countries resources' that they had lost during the war.

its many islands, high mountains, and remote peninsulas isolated population centers.