Why do many historians date the fall of the roman empire at 476?

the phoenicians, based on a narrow coastal strip of the levant, put their excellent seafaring skills to good use and created a network of colonies and trade centres across the ancient mediterranean. their major trade routes were by sea to the greek islands, across southern europe, down the atlantic coast of africa, and up to ancient britain. in addition, arabia and india were reached via the red sea, and vast areas of western asia were connected to the homeland via land routes where goods were transported by caravan. by the 9th century bce, the phoenicians had established themselves as one of the greatest trading powers in the ancient world.

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relations between the soviet union and the united states were driven by a complex interplay of ideological, political, and economic factors, which led to shifts between cautious cooperation and often bitter superpower rivalry over the years. the distinct differences in the political systems of the two countries often prevented them from reaching a mutual understanding on key policy issues and even, as in the case of the cuban missile crisis, brought them to the brink of war.

the united states government was initially hostile to the soviet leaders for taking russia out of world war i and was opposed to a state ideologically based on communism. although the united states embarked on a famine relief program in the soviet union in the early 1920s and american businessmen established commercial ties there during the period of the new economic policy (1921–29), the two countries did not establish diplomatic relations until 1933. by that time, the totalitarian nature of joseph stalin's regime presented an insurmountable obstacle to friendly relations with the west. although world war ii brought the two countries into alliance, based on the common aim of defeating nazi germany, the soviet union's aggressive, antidemocratic policy toward eastern europe had created tensions even before the war ended.