Civil Service reforms, such as the Pendleton Act, during the Gilded Age were a response to —
protest from congressional leaders to regulate state governments

The Pendleton emerged as a political reaction against the spoils system that was predominant in America at the time.

Explanation:

In the spoils system, government officials were not appointed based on merit, but based on political patronage, that is to say, government officials were appointed in exchange for political support, both ideological and financial.

The spoils system reached a height during the presidency of Andrew Jackson, and this created tensions in the political class.

For this reason, Congress adopted the Pendleton Act in 1883. This act determined that civil servants should be appointed based on merit. It even led to the creation of entry-exams for government officials. Finally, it also prohibited the demotion of government officials because of political reasons.

the ancient greek people valued the "country's laws" and expected citizens to show "respect" to such laws. however, the people valued divine authority above human authority and expected their leaders to honor the gods through their laws. they believed that those who respected the gods and ruled according to divine authority would obtain "high honors" by the people.

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