How do both passages approach the event of crossing the Rubicon differently?

What is the name for the main idea behind the settling of western lands by americans in the early-1800s?

Plz which of the following elements is not typical of an advanced society. a. cities b. science c. industries d. a nomadic lifestyle

Which of these would be most useful in studying the effect of germs exchanged between the new and old worlds? a. a graph showing the number of europeans between 1492 and 1600. b. a graph showing the number of native americans between 1492 and 1600. c. a primary source description of the symptoms of an unknown disease affecting native americans in 1492. o d. a primary source description of the symptoms of an unknown disease affecting europeans in 1492.