A currency's exchange rate is how many denominations the currency has.
its stable rate as established by the government.
how easily it can be divided into other currencies.
its changing value relative to other currencies.

it would be  

germany had to pay all damages related to the war.

and i think

germany had to take sole responsibility for the war.

i do believe its (d) it allowed the government to offer pioneers sixty acres of western land if they lived on it and made improvements to it.

explanation: signed into law in may 1862, the homestead act opened up settlement in the western united states, allowing any american, including freed slaves, to put in a claim for up to 160 free acres of federal land. by the end of the civil war, 15,000 homestead claims had been established, and more followed in the postwar years