Which statement describes the condition of the Islamic world during the 18th century? a New Muslim empires grew as the Mughal and Ottoman empires declined. b Muslims were driven from Turkey and India by rebelling Armenian Christians and Hindus. c Europeans colonized territories previously controlled by the Mughal and Ottoman empires. d Sunni and Shi’a nations agreed to end their bitter feud in order to combat European invaders.

c Europeans colonized territories previously controlled by the Mughal and Ottoman empires.

Explanation:

In the 18th century, the power of the great empires of the Ottomans and the Mughals started to decline and internal strife and nationalistic feelings amongst the various ethnicities began to fragment the empire.

The Mughals lost control in Afghanistan and starting mid 18th century came under increased pressure from the British East India Company until they were reduced to mere puppets of the British. The empire ended with the exile of the last emperor to Burma.

The Ottomans were not faring as bad as the Mughals but still came under pressure especially in their European territories. Wars against the Austrians and the Russians led to loss of areas such as Hungary and Transylvania. Further losses would occur in the 19th century.  

the answer is option a.