Writings that help Jews understand and apply the laws and ideas of

the Bible:

Writings that help Jews understand  and apply the laws and ideas of  the Bible: Talmud.

Explanation:

The Talmud (Hebrew for "learning") is a collection of oral teachings and commentaries about the Hebrew Bible and Jewish Law. It consists of the Mishnah and the Gemara. The Talmud has two versions or editions, one having been produced in Palestine a.d. c400, the other and larger one, in Babylonia a.d. c500. The Talmud helps understand God's law.

the answer is a glaciers carved a large valley that later flooded and became puget sound

either b) they were often feared and despised by other native cultures. or

c) their obsession allowed them to coexist with many other native cultures because of their peaceful nature.