1) How did Mediterranean trade help revive western Europe? 2) What social and economic factors led to the growth of cities in late medieval Europe?

1) How did the Mediterranean trade help revive western Europe?

The primary factor was the Crusades, which began in 1095. Europeans started traveling to the Middle East in vast numbers to retake the Holy Land from the Seljuk Turks. In the process, they discovered new markets, commodities, artisanal products, and trade routes.

2) What social and economic factors led to the growth of cities in late medieval Europe?

The growth of trade across the oceans led to growth in cities. Guilds consisting of skilled craftsmen led to the growth of the population. The invention of the water wheel boosted the manufacturing in cities, flemish towns prospered as centers for the manufacture of textiles and other goods.  Because there were more jobs in manufacturing, more families moved to cities instead of farming.

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