6. A notion in Heraclitus’ metaphysics was … a) Patterned change. b) Balanced opposition. c) None of the above. d) Both a) and b). e) Non-being is not. 7. The history of philosophy according to Ortega is … a) Not related to doing philosophy now. b) The past and not really useful to doing philosophy now. c) Is necessary to doing philosophy now. d) All of the above. e) None of the above. 8. A myth is a story involving gods that … a) Contains no wisdom. b) Answers some universal questions. c) Is the same as philosophy. d) All of the above. e) None of the above. 9. The relation between the history of philosophy and philosophy can be described as being … a) Unrelated. b) Somewhat related. c) Interdependent. d) All of the above. e) None of the above. 10. Greek mythology describes the world as … a) Permanently chaotic. b) Square. c) Having a natural and moral order. d) All of the above. e) None of the above. 11. An assumption of Thales’ question (What is the basic stuff from which all things are made?) is … a) All things are material and made of atoms. b) There is order in the world. c) All things are one and unchangeable. d) All of the above. e) None of the above. 12. Thales’ question was possible because of a shift … a) In trade from land to sea. b) In eating habits in Miletus. c) From mythic to theoretic consciousness. d) All of the above. e) None of the above. 13. Anaximander agreed with Thales that … a) All things came from water. b) The explanation of things was to be found in Homer. c) The explanation of things was to be found in things themselves. d) All of the above. e) None of the above. 14. For Anaximander the source of all things was … a) Infinite. b) Indeterminate. c) Both a) and b). d) Fire. e) None of the above. 15. The Pythagoreans used the Olympic Games as a metaphor for … a) The relation of ethics to athletics. b) Three ways of life. c) The loneliness of human life. d) The supreme value of leisure. e) All of the above. 16. The Pythagoreans … a) Believed that seeking wisdom was worshiping. b) Were a school of mathematics and a religious order. c) Believed that music provided clues to the mathematical nature of the universe. d) All of the above. e) None of the above. 17. For the Pythagoreans … a) Mathematical objects are imitations of things. b) Things and mathematical objects imitate each other. c) Things come from the “boundless”. d) Both a) and b). e) None of the above. 18. Parmenides discovered … a) A rational proof that change was not real. b) A definition for beauty. c) The best political system. d) All of the above. e) None of the above. 19. Parmenides believed that non-being … a) Was the source of all reality. b) Could be precisely described. c) Could not be thought. d) All of the above. e) None of the above. 20. Anaximander held as a cosmic principle … a) Water vapor (steam). b) The numbers in things. c) The balance of opposites. d) All of the above. e) None of the above. 21. Xenophanes believed that human beings could … a) Discover truth completely. b) Improve their opinions. c) Find truth in the inspiration of the poets. d) All of the above. e) None of the above. 22. A philosophical contribution of Xenophanes was to … a) Raise questions about beauty and art. b) Raise questions about social and political issues. c) Raise epistemological questions. d) All of the above. e) None of the above. 23. According to Parmenides the Entity is … a) Immortal. b) Indivisible. c) Both a) and b). d) Changeable. e) None of the above. 24. Parmenides held that … a) Being and non-being are. b) Non-being is. c) Being is not. d) Being is and non-being is not. e) None of the above. 25. For Parmenides … a) Only matter exists. b) Everything can be reduced to numbers. c) All things contain their opposite. d) All of the above. e) None of the above.