What was the role of philosophers in the establishment of the ideal state according to Plato? Educate citizens to make decisions in their own and society’s best interests. Philosophers are the Guardians of the people, and as such should be obeyed without question. Through their studies, philosophers were gifted with the power to write laws. Philosophers should advise kings, who are the only ones who can rule the state.

Philosophers are the Guardians of the people, and as such should be obeyed without question.

Explanation:

Plato was in favor of a political system in which a group of a few philosophers would rule over everyone else. These people would be the philosopher-kings, who would be so wise and knowledgeable, that their decisions and rulings should go unquestioned by everyone else.

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

d. it spread christianity. i just took the test and got it right.