What general moral principle underlies many of the specific regulations in the code of Hammurabi?

An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth punishment.

Explanation:

The Code of Hammurabi became the first legal code from Babylon. The Code of Hammurabi established throughout Babylon to maintain law and order. It regulated sets of fines and punishments for justice and rules of business between buyer and sellers. The code of Hammurabi written by the Babylonians, and it addressed subjects such as slavery, inheritance, trade regulations, debt, and marriage. There are 282 case laws related to economic, family law,  criminal law, and civil law.

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for this case we have the following equation:

we apply distributive property to the terms within parentheses.

subtracting 2 on both sides of the equation: