Identify and explain ONE political response resulting from the fragmentation of the Abbasid caliphate in the 13th century.

I don't really understand ur question but I hope this helps

Explanation:

Later on, as the Abbasid caliphate declined, there were many fragmented political entities, some of which were led by non-Arab Muslims.

the causes of the dust bowls were severe droughts,   lands became dry and hard, temperature was higher than usual, hot and dry conditions killed crops, high winds. because of those factors, the winds kicked up dry soil and created clouds of dust.