Why was there such a strong anti-Catholic sentiment in America during the 1800s? effect?

b toward the volcano.landward. the landward side of something is the side nearest to the land or facing the land, rather than the sea.

i am confused to what the passeage is other wies i would be able to answer your question my bad sorry but when you starte your answer use i think he used those terms because describe and then state your thinking its more of only you can answer that question because we can not answer what you are thinking.