The two most important long-term results of the Civil War were the

Some long-term effects that occurred after the Civil War were the abolishment of slavery, the formation of blacks’ rights, industrialization and new innovations.

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what are local authorities doing to fix the problem

explanation: what are local authorities doing to fix the problem

the correct answer is “opportunity cost”. opportunity cost is what a company misses out because it decided in one option over another one. in this case, the company decided to invest in building a factory so it gave up another possible benefit or profit in order to achieve success with the factory.  

trade-off is not the correct answer since it is a situation in which you accept losing something in return for benefits in other areas.

and finally, consequence is a general term used to accept what it comes when you make a decision. it can be a positive or negative consequence depending if the decision you took was the correct one.