Factors that led to the establishment of jim crow laws included which of the following?
a.) southerners' resentment of federal troops on their soil
b.) the change in political climate following the election of hayes as president
c.) the literacy test requirement which prevented many blacks from voting
d.) blacks taking control of southern politics on the state and local levels
e.) a congress dominated by southern democrats and unsympathetic republicans

(this question has more than one answer)