Research:Arab PalestiniansJewsOther Countries Religious Factors86% of the population is Arab (predominantly Sunni), c. 13% is Jewish, other <1% (cf. Israel: Jewish 74%, Arab 21%, other 5%). According to the UN, the population in the State of Palestine was c. The Jewish religion is monotheistic - based on the belief in a single, all-powerful God. The Jewish doctrine is based on the ten commandments as spelt out in the Old Testament. Islam is the most common government-endorsed faith, with 27 countries (including most in the Middle East-North Africa region) officially enshrining Islam as their state religion. By comparison, just 13 countries (including nine European nations) designate Christianity or a Christian denomination as their state religion.