When nations population grows faster than its ability to provide for it

Explanation:

Rapid population growth is most beneficial when labor is far more scarce than available land or capital. The period of colonization in the Americas is a good example. Lot's of potential for developing cash crops (e.g., tobacco, sugar, cotton), but not many laborers to work the land.

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explanation:

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according to the map, most industrialization in europe occurred in the northwest.

the production of coal and lignite deposits was profitable throughout western europe.

the building of railroads transport goods throughout europe.

according to the map, the population trend indicates that more people are moving into cities.

northwest

coal and lignite depostis

railroads

cities