War between the Allies (US, England, France, Soviet Union) and Axis powers (Nazi Germany, Italy, Japan. US enters war after the attack on Pearl Harbor. War ends with use of nuclear weapons by the US on Japan.

the exodus of these people from constantinople contributed to the revival of greek and roman studies, which led to the development of the renaissance in humanism and science. byzantine emigrants also brought to western europe the better preserved and accumulated knowledge of their own greek civilization