What were five changes brought about by the railroad

Optimization in the shipping of goods over long distances, this is, goods could be shipped in a much shorter time, hours or days, instead of weeks or months, which greatly reduced the retail price of products.

Enabled people living in the countryside to emigrate in large amounts to the cities in search of jobs in the factories.

Helped boost up the economy of the towns and cities located along the railways.

Greatly cut down on the time required by people to travel from one end of a country to the other which promoted a large amount of business to be carried out.

Provided a land means of transportation that could operarte almost under any climate condition, unlike horse-driven vehicles that were unable to traverse roads in rainy or snowy seasons.

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the correct answer is:

b) a rich merchant.

although the crusades failed to capture jerusalem, they had several major impacts on western europe. they increased the authority of the king: sometimes nobles died in battle without leaving an heir in which case the king got their land. kings passed taxes to pay for the crusades.