What challenges did early traders in North Africa face? How did they respond to the challenge?

to tell the truth it is a mix of the a and d because after the romans argued among themselves outside forces took control however it is mostly d.

on a flat and narrow coastal plain, between the foothills of the brazilian highlands and the atlantic ocean, on the shore of guanabara bay, in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil, the tropical zone in south america.