"Tin the West today, we see a free world that has achieved a level of prosperity and well-being unprecedented in all human
history. In the Communist world, we see failure, technological backwardness, declining standards of health, even want of the
most basic kind--too little food. Even today, the Soviet Union still cannot feed itself. After these four decades, then, there stands
before the entire world one great and inescapable conclusion: Freedom leads to prosperity. Freedom replaces the ancient
hatreds among the nations with comity and peace. Freedom is the victor.
And now the Soviets themselves may, in a limited way, be coming to understand the importance of freedom. We hear much from
Moscow about a new policy of reform and openness. Some political prisoners have been released. Certain foreign news
broadcasts are no longer being jammed. Some economic enterprises have been permitted to operate with greater freedom from
state control
Are these the beginnings of profound changes in the Soviet state? Or are they token gestures, intended to raise false hopes in
the West, or to strengthen the Soviet system without changing it? We welcome change and openness.
General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek
Liberalization: Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev tear down this wall!
- excerpts from Ronald Reagan's speech in West Berlin, June 12, 1987
How was Reagan's speech emblematic of United States foreign policy at the time?
It opposed communism but did not threaten military intervention
It supported communist government as long as they gave people more
freedom
It was meant to make citizens of communist countries tearful so that they
would incite violence
it was supposed to show communist leaders the similarities between the
countries and the United States

the correct statement is letter a.   according to the mandate of heaven, kings were considered godlike beings, so they could do as they .

the mandate of heaven is a chinese political and religious ideology used since ancient times to justify the rule of the king or emperor of china, that has been in place since the zhou until the dynasty system ended. it has been created to justify the zhou as the main power of the region. in order to keep harmony, the ruler has to make what he wants and what people want. he had to make good choices to satisfy the people and then they will be happy and keep you in power.

from thales, who is often considered the first western philosopher, to the stoics and skeptics, ancient greek philosophy opened the doors to a particular way of thinking that provided the roots for the western intellectual tradition. here, there is often an explicit preference for the life of reason and rational thought. we find proto-scientific explanations of the natural world in the milesian thinkers, and we hear democritus posit atoms—indivisible and invisible units—as the basic stuff of all matter. with socrates comes a sustained inquiry into ethical matters—an orientation towards human living and the best life for human beings. with plato comes one of the most creative and flexible ways of doing philosophy, which some have since attempted to imitate by writing philosophical dialogues covering topics still of interest today in ethics, political thought, metaphysics, and epistemology. plato’s student, aristotle, was one of the most prolific of ancient authors. he wrote treatises on each of these topics, as well as on the investigation of the natural world, including the composition of animals. the hellenists—epicurus, the cynics, the stoics, and the skeptics—developed schools or movements devoted to distinct philosophical lifestyles, each with reason at its foundation.

with this preference for reason came a critique of traditional ways of living, believing, and thinking, which sometimes caused political trouble for the philosophers themselves. xenophanes directly challenged the traditional anthropomorphic depiction of the gods, and socrates was put to death for allegedly inventing new gods and not believing in the gods mandated by the city of athens. after the fall of alexander the great, and because of aristotle’s ties with alexander and his court, aristotle escaped the same fate as socrates by fleeing athens. epicurus, like xenophanes, claimed that the mass of people is impious, since the people conceive of the gods as little more than superhumans, even though human characteristics cannot appropriately be ascribed to the gods. in short, not only did ancient greek philosophy pave the way for the western intellectual tradition, including modern science, but it also shook cultural foundations in its own time.

they change the constitution.