What was the US trying to accomplish with the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan?

Which of the islamic empires (ottomans, mughals, safavids) were the most influential and why?

From which of the following literary works is this quotation most likely taken?

By the end of the 1800s, there was a change in the nature of the immigrants coming to the united states. immigration from northern europe—england, ireland, germany, and scandinavia—declined, while immigration from italy, russia, and austria-hungary grew. in fact, between 1900 and 1910, more than three-fourths of all immigrants came from these three countries. unfortunately, these countries were far removed england, the home of our founders, and the immigrants who came from them had a hard time adjusting to life in their new country.