US federal income tax is progressive by law, but which best explains why wealthy individuals can often pay far less in taxes
than the top tax rate?
High-income earners can fight in court for the right to a reduced rate.
High-income earners reduce their tax rates through numerous deductions.
High-income earners use tax laws to their advantage to reduce their tax rates.
High-income earners always place their assets overseas to lower their tax rates

i believe the answer would be 1.

a.   it resulted in widespread unemployment.

the monroe doctrine is the best known u.s. policy toward the western hemisphere. buried in a routine annual message delivered to congress by president james monroe in december 1823, the doctrine warns european nations that the united states would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.

attacks by the seljuk. a devastating blow to the entire byzantine world was dealt by christian crusaders from the west. the venetians were eager to destroy byzantine power and offered the crusaders money, ships, and part of the spoils of war.

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