Why did the dutch baroque movement differ from baroque movements in france, spain, and italy?

Dutch baroque painting was developed during a period of Dutch history spanning the seventeenth century, during and after the Eighty Years War (1568-1648) for Dutch independence. The United Provinces were the most prosperous nation in Europe, leading commerce, science and art. Dutch art had to reinvent itself completely after the abrupt cut with Catholic cultural traditions and the former monarchy.

The Dutch painting of the Golden Age shows many of the characteristics of the European Baroque, but for the most part lacks the idealization and love for the splendor typical of much of Baroque art, including that of neighboring Flanders. Most of the works reflect the tradition of detailed realism inherited from primitive Flemish painting.

A distinctive feature of the period is the proliferation of various genres of painting, with most artists focusing on only one of them. The full development of this specialization is seen from the late 1620s, and the period since then until the French invasion of 1672 is the core of the Golden Age painting.

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