Which sentence best states the central idea of the first paragraph

Which statement describes the middle passage

In ohio in 1872, the cleveland massacre was a)a violent labor dispute at standard oil refineries in cleveland. b)a takeover by standard oil of the refineries in cleveland. c)an attempt to stop standard oil from becoming a monopoly. d)a failed attempt by standard oil to take over other refineries.

The nile river is referred to as the giver and taker of life. explain what this means.