Before the 12 tables which Roman citizens could not hold a government office

studies show tha in 7.5 billion years from now, the expanding sun will engulf, and destroy, the earth.

congress also has implied powers, which derive from the necessary and proper clause of the constitution and permit congress "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states.