While the Russian-German Treaty of Nonaggression was, on the surface, a nonaggression pact, it had secret stipulations that spelled out the:

a. division of eastern Europe.
b. a plan for the eventual invasion of the United States.
c. the plans for the "final solution."
d. the division of China into spheres of influence.
e. the expansion of the treaty to include the British.

A. division of eastern Europe

Explanation: The Russian- German Treaty of Non-aggression, also called the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, was a nonaggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union on August 23, 1939. The pact was concluded only a few days before the beginning of World War II and this divided up eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence.

Although the Russians continued negotiations with Britain and France, in the end Stalin chose to reach an agreement with Germany because by doing so, he hoped to keep the Soviet Union at peace with Germany as well as gain time to build up the Soviet military, which had been badly weakened by the purge of the Red Army officer corps in 1937.

Hitler on the other hand wanted a nonaggression pact with the Russians so that his armies could invade Poland virtually unopposed by a major power, after which Germany could deal with the forces of France and Britain in the west without having to simultaneously commut resources to fight the Soviet Union on a second front in the east.

bismarck believed in using force

is the correct answer!

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).