Why is it important for a nation’s leaders to fully understand their adversaries and the physical and political environments in which they find themselves?

This is important so that the leaders do not get the nation into a conflict that would hurt them.

Explanation:

The important decisions that the leaders of a nation have to make are the ones that decide the future of that particular nation many times.

This is why it is important for a nation’s leaders to fully understand their adversaries and the physical and political environments in which they find themselves.

The leader cannot make the mistake of getting into a conflict that will hurt their country because the ramification will be faced much later too.

this means that germany had to pay the allied countries. reparations are/is essentially payment for something that they have done wrong, so after ww1, germany was forced to pay reparations so they could replenish the allied countries resources' that they had lost during the war.

its c not d   tell me if that´s correct