Help pls I really need help guyss

the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.

climate change is the big reason to the decline of the indus valley which also caused floods. so i dont know what answer would best fit the description thats just what i found online! have an awesome