What was the Commercial Revolution?

a trade war between European countries following the colonization of the New World
the decrease in global trade between Europe, the Americas, and Africa
an enormous change in the rules of commerce due to the Columbian Exchange
the replacement of colonialism with mercantilism

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".

europe would not recognize the confederacy as an independent nation.