What tensions exist between national and state governments on policy matters, and what unique powers do mayors and governors enjoy?

National and state government have different and overlapping set of laws and jurisdictions,

Explanation:

National Government of US does not have complete right over the states in that the states are able to decide their won laws and penal codes until they are not in direct conflict with the Union which is never looked for and thus never exposed.

The governor of a state an have absolute control over the state's penal code apart from the country and the mayor of a single city is able to control the work of the police in that place.

the answer as multiple choice is c

africa, the second-largest continent, is bounded by the mediterranean sea, the red sea, the indian ocean, and the atlantic ocean. it is divided in half almost equally by the equator. the continent includes the islands of cape verde, madagascar, mauritius, seychelles, and comoros.

africa’s physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.

the origin of the name “africa” is greatly disputed by scholars. most believe it stems from words used by the phoenicians, greeks, and romans. important words include the egyptian word afru-ika, meaning “motherland”; the greek word aphrike, meaning “without cold”; and the latin word aprica, meaning “sunny.”

today, africa is home to more countries than any other continent in the world. these countries are: morocco, western sahara (morocco), algeria, tunisia, libya, egypt, sudan, chad, niger, mali, mauritania, senegal, the gambia, guinea-bissau, guinea, sierra leone, liberia, côte d’ivoire, ghana, burkina faso, togo, benin, nigeria, cameroon, central africa republic, equatorial guinea, gabon, congo, democratic republic of the congo, angola, namibia, botswana, south africa, lesotho, swaziland, mozambique, zimbabwe, zambia, malawi, tanzania, rwanda, burundi, uganda, kenya, somalia, ethiopia, djibouti, eritrea and the island countries of cape verde, madagascar, mauritius, seychelles, and comoros.

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the first forms of writing came from them in the form of pictographs around 3100 bc.